Na'urar tana tattara bayanai game da yanayin zafi daga tushen kuma ta canza shi zuwa wani nau'i wanda wasu na'urori ko mutane za su iya fahimta. Mafi kyawun misalin firikwensin zafin jiki shine ma'aunin zafi da sanyio na mercury gilashi, wanda ke faɗaɗa da kwangila yayin da yanayin zafi ke canzawa. Zazzabi na waje shine tushen auna zafin jiki, kuma mai lura yana duban matsayin mercury don auna zafin jiki. Akwai nau'ikan na'urori masu auna zafin jiki guda biyu:
· Tuntuɓi firikwensin
Irin wannan firikwensin yana buƙatar tuntuɓar jiki kai tsaye tare da abu mai hankali ko matsakaici. Za su iya saka idanu da zafin jiki na daskararru, ruwa da gas akan kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi.
· firikwensin mara lamba
Irin wannan firikwensin baya buƙatar kowace lamba ta jiki tare da abu ko matsakaici da ake ganowa. Suna lura da daskararru da ruwaye marasa tunani, amma ba su da amfani ga iskar gas saboda fayyace yanayinsu. Waɗannan firikwensin suna auna zafin jiki ta amfani da dokar Planck. Dokar ta shafi zafi da ke fitowa daga tushen zafi don auna zafin jiki.
Ka'idodin aiki da misalai na nau'ikan iri daban-dabanna'urori masu auna zafin jiki:
(i) Thermocouples - Sun ƙunshi wayoyi guda biyu (kowanne nau'in alloy ko ƙarfe daban-daban) suna samar da haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa a gefe ɗaya wanda ke buɗewa ga abin da ke ƙarƙashin gwaji. An haɗa ɗayan ƙarshen waya zuwa na'urar aunawa, inda aka kafa mahadar tunani. Tun da yanayin zafi na nodes guda biyu ya bambanta, halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar kewayawa kuma ana auna millivolts sakamakon sakamakon don ƙayyade yawan zafin jiki na kumburi.
(ii) Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDS) - Waɗannan su ne thermal resistors da aka kera don canza juriya yayin da yanayin zafi ya canza, kuma sun fi kowane kayan aikin gano zafin jiki tsada.
(iii)Thermistors- su ne wani nau'i na juriya inda manyan canje-canje a cikin juriya sun kasance daidai da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki.
(2) Infrared Sensor
Na'urar tana fitarwa ko gano hasken infrared don jin takamaiman matakai a cikin muhalli. Gabaɗaya, duk wani abu da ke cikin infrared spectrum ke fitar da thermal radiation, kuma infrared na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna gano wannan hasken da ba ya iya gani ga idon ɗan adam.
· Fa'idodi
Sauƙi don haɗawa, akwai a kasuwa.
· Rashin lahani
Ka damu da hayaniyar yanayi, kamar radiation, hasken yanayi, da sauransu.
Yadda yake aiki:
Babban ra'ayin shine a yi amfani da diodes masu fitar da hasken infrared don fitar da hasken infrared zuwa abubuwa. Za a yi amfani da wani infrared diode na nau'in iri ɗaya don gano raƙuman ruwa da abubuwa ke nunawa.
Lokacin da mai karɓar infrared ya haskaka ta hanyar hasken infrared, akwai bambancin ƙarfin lantarki akan waya. Tun da ƙarfin lantarkin da aka samar yana da ƙarami kuma yana da wahalar ganowa, ana amfani da amplifier mai aiki (op amp) don gano ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki daidai.
(3) ultraviolet firikwensin
Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna auna ƙarfi ko ƙarfin hasken ultraviolet da ya faru. Wannan radiation na lantarki yana da tsayin tsayi fiye da hasken X-ray, amma har yanzu ya fi guntu fiye da hasken da ake iya gani. Ana amfani da wani abu mai aiki da ake kira lu'u-lu'u polycrystalline don ingantaccen ji na ultraviolet, wanda zai iya gano yanayin muhalli ga hasken ultraviolet.
Ma'auni don zaɓar firikwensin UV
* Kewayon tsayin tsayi wanda firikwensin UV (nanometer) zai iya gano shi
· Yanayin aiki
· Daidaito
· Nauyi
· Wutar wuta
Yadda yake aiki:
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin Uv suna karɓar nau'in siginar kuzari ɗaya kuma suna watsa nau'in siginar makamashi daban.
Domin lura da rikodin waɗannan siginonin fitarwa, ana tura su zuwa mitar lantarki. Don samar da zane-zane da rahotanni, ana aika siginar fitarwa zuwa na'ura mai canzawa ta analog-to-dijital (ADC) sannan zuwa kwamfuta ta hanyar software.
Aikace-aikace:
· Auna ɓangaren bakan UV wanda ke ƙone fata
· kantin magani
· Motoci
· Robotics
· Maganin narkewa da tsarin rini don masana'antar bugu da rini
Masana'antar sinadarai don samarwa, adanawa da jigilar sinadarai
(4) Sensor taba
Na'urar firikwensin taɓawa yana aiki azaman mai juzu'i mai canzawa dangane da matsayin taɓawa. Zane na firikwensin taɓawa yana aiki azaman mai jujjuyawa.
Na'urar firikwensin taɓawa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
· Kayan aiki cikakke, kamar jan ƙarfe
· Insulating kayan sarari, kamar kumfa ko filastik
· Sashi na kayan aiki
Ka'ida da aiki:
Wasu kayan sarrafawa suna adawa da gudanawar yanzu. Babban ka'idar na'urori masu auna matsayi na layi shine cewa tsayin tsayin kayan da abin da na yanzu dole ne ya wuce, yawancin motsi na yanzu yana juyawa. A sakamakon haka, juriya na abu yana canzawa ta hanyar canza matsayinsa na lamba tare da cikakken kayan aiki.
Yawanci, ana haɗa software zuwa firikwensin taɓawa. A wannan yanayin, ana ba da ƙwaƙwalwar ta software. Lokacin da aka kashe na'urori masu auna firikwensin, za su iya tuna "wurin lamba ta ƙarshe." Da zarar an kunna firikwensin, za su iya tunawa da "matsayin lamba ta farko" kuma su fahimci duk ƙimar da ke tattare da shi. Wannan aikin yayi kama da matsar da linzamin kwamfuta da sanya shi a ɗayan ƙarshen kushin linzamin kwamfuta don matsar da siginan kwamfuta zuwa ƙarshen allo.
Aiwatar
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin taɓawa suna da tsada kuma masu ɗorewa, kuma ana amfani da su sosai
Kasuwanci - kiwon lafiya, tallace-tallace, dacewa da wasanni
Kayan aiki - tanda, mai wanki/ bushewa, injin wanki, firiji
Sufuri - Sauƙaƙe sarrafawa tsakanin masana'antar kokfit da masu kera abin hawa
· Fitar matakin ruwa
Yin aiki da kai na masana'antu - matsayi da fahimtar matakin, sarrafa taɓawa ta hannu a aikace-aikacen sarrafa kansa
Kayan lantarki na mabukaci - samar da sabbin matakan ji da sarrafawa a cikin samfuran mabukaci iri-iri
Na'urorin firikwensin kusanci suna gano gaban abubuwan da ba su da kowane maki na lamba. Domin babu wata alaka tsakanin na’urar firikwensin da abin da ake aunawa, kuma saboda rashin na’urorin injina, wadannan na’urori suna da tsawon rayuwa da kuma dogaro mai yawa. Daban-daban na firikwensin kusanci su ne firikwensin kusancin inductive, firikwensin kusanci, na'urori masu auna kusancin ultrasonic, firikwensin hoto, firikwensin tasirin Hall da sauransu.
Yadda yake aiki:
Na'urar firikwensin kusanci yana fitar da fili na lantarki ko na lantarki ko kuma hasken wutar lantarki na lantarki (kamar infrared) kuma yana jira alamar dawowa ko canji a cikin filin, kuma abin da ake hangowa ana kiran shi manufa na firikwensin kusanci.
Inductive kusanci na'urori masu auna firikwensin - suna da oscillator azaman shigarwar da ke canza juriyar asara ta kusanci matsakaicin gudanarwa. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin sune abubuwan da aka fi so na ƙarfe.
Capacitive kusanci na'urori masu auna firikwensin - suna canza canje-canje a ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki a ɓangarorin biyu na ganowa da lantarki mai ƙasa. Wannan yana faruwa ta hanyar kusantar abubuwa na kusa tare da canjin mitar oscillation. Don gano maƙasudan da ke kusa, ana jujjuya mitar oscillation zuwa wutar lantarki ta DC kuma idan aka kwatanta da ƙayyadaddun ƙofa. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin sune zaɓi na farko don maƙasudin filastik.
Aiwatar
· An yi amfani da shi a aikin injiniya na atomatik don ayyana yanayin aiki na kayan aikin injiniya, tsarin samarwa da kayan aiki na atomatik
· Ana amfani da shi a cikin taga don kunna faɗakarwa lokacin da taga ya buɗe
· Ana amfani da shi don saka idanu na girgizar injin don ƙididdige bambancin nisa tsakanin shaft da ɗaukar nauyi
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-03-2023