Wannan shine labarin farko a cikin jerin biyu-sashi. Farkon wannan labarin zai fara tattauna tarihin da ƙirar ƙalubalenTsarin zafin jiki na ateristorTsarin tsarin, kazalika da kwatancin su da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio (RTD) tsarin matsakaici na zazzabi. Hakanan zai bayyana zabi na Mermistor, cinikin sanyi, da kuma mahimmancin sauya bayanan Sigma-Delta-Delta (adcs) a cikin wannan yankin yankin. Talifi na biyu zai daki-daki yadda za a inganta da kuma kimanta tsarin ma'aunin na ƙarshe.
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin jerin talakawa da ya gabata, Inganta Ingantaccen tsarin zafi na RTD zazzabi, tsork shine tsayayya da tsayayya da tsayayya da zazzabi. Mormists suna aiki daidai zuwa RTDS. Ba kamar RTDs ba, wanda kawai suna da ingantaccen zazzabi mai inganci, mai sharri yana iya samun ingantaccen zazzabi ko mara kyau. Maɗaukaki zazzabi mara kyau (NTC) sun rage juriya kamar yadda zafin jiki ya tashi, yayin da tabbatattun zafin jiki da ke ƙaruwa yayin da zazzabi ya tashi. A kan siffa 1 yana nuna halayen amsawa na hali NTC da PTC Thermors kuma suna kuma kwatanta su zuwa RTD curves.
Dangane da kewayon zafin jiki, abin da ake amfani da shi shine kusan layi, kuma firikwensin ya ƙunshi yawan zafin jiki fiye da thermistors (yawanci -200 ° C) saboda yanayin mara nauyi (ba) na thermistor. Yawancin lokaci ana bayar da wannan sanannun abubuwan da aka san su, yayin da matsakaiciyar matsakaicin maƙasudi ya bambanta da masana'anta. Za mu tattauna wannan daki-daki a sashin kula da Siffofin Thermistoror na wannan labarin.
An yi munanan zafi daga kayan damfara, yawanci yumbu, polymers, ko semicoducontors (yawanci ƙarfe, nickel, ko jan ƙarfe). Thermistors na iya gano canje-canjen zazzabi da sauri fiye da RTDs, yana samar da saurin bincike. Sabili da haka, masu son kai suna amfani da su ta hanyar na'urori masu mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarancin farashi, ƙananan martani, ko ikon sarrafa zazzabi, ko kuma biyan diyya na zamani, ko kuma biyan diyya na kimiyya don Thermocouples a cikin aikace-aikacen kasuwanci ko masana'antu. dalilai. Aikace-aikace.
A mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da thermistors na NTC don daidaituwar ma'aunin zafi, ba masu wuce gona da iri ba, ba PTC ba. Wasu manyan zafin jiki na PTC suna samuwa da za a iya amfani dasu a cikin da'awar kariya ta ruwa ko a matsayin fiss mai suna don aikace-aikacen aminci. The resistance-temperature curve of a PTC thermistor shows a very small NTC region before reaching the switch point (or Curie point), above which the resistance rises sharply by several orders of magnitude in the range of several degrees Celsius. A karkashin yanayin da ya wuce gona da iri, da PTC Hermistor zai samar da dumama mai wahala lokacin da zazzabi ya wuce, kuma juriya zai tashi sosai, wanda zai rage kasawar da aka yi, wanda zai rage lalacewa. Canjin PTC na kashe azzakari na PTC galibi tsakanin 60 ° C da 120 ° C kuma basu dace da aiwatar da ma'aunin zazzabi a cikin ɗimbin aikace-aikace ba. Wannan kasida ya maida hankali ne akan thermistors na NTC, wanda zai iya yin auna ko lura da yanayin zafi daga -80 ° C to + 150 ° C. NTC Thermistors suna da tsarin adawa da tsayayya daga 'yan ohms zuwa 10 mω a 25 ° C. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa. 1, canjin cikin juriya a kowane digiri na digiri na ga thersius ya fi furta fiye da magungunan thermomita. Idan aka kwatanta da thermistors, babban abin da babban abin kula da Thermistor da kuma darajar tsayayya da tsayayyen shigarwar ta musamman, kamar 3-waya ko 4-waya, don rama juriya na jagoranci. Tsarin Thermistor yana amfani da ingantaccen tsarin waya kawai.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki yana buƙatar daidaitaccen sigari, juyawa na dijital, ɗimbin kuɗi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa. 2.
Kodayake sarkar siginar na iya zama mai sauƙi, akwai rikice-rikice da yawa waɗanda ke shafar girman, farashi, da wasan kwaikwayon gaba ɗaya. Tsarin AdC ɗin AdC ta haɗa da mafita da yawa da aka haɗa, kamar AD7124-8-4, waɗanda ke ba da dama don ƙirar tsarin da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacen da aka gindaya. Koyaya, akwai kalubale daban-daban a cikin ƙira da Inganta mafi ingancin zafin jiki na atomatik.
Wannan labarin ya tattauna kowane ɗayan waɗannan batutuwan kuma yana ba da shawarwari don warware su kuma ƙara sauƙaƙa tsarin ƙirar don irin wannan tsarin.
Akwai da yawaOrmistsorsA kasuwa a yau, don haka zaɓi madaidaiciyar maƙarƙashiya don aikace-aikacenku na iya zama aiki mai kyau. Lura cewa thermistors an jera su ta hanyar darajar su, wanda shine ra'ayinsu na zamani a 25 ° C. Saboda haka, A 10 Kω Mermistor yana da tsirar da tsayin diyya na 10 kele a 25 ° C. Thermistors suna da maras muhimmanci juriya ko asali dabi'u jere daga fewan ohms zuwa 10 mω. Thermistors tare da ƙananan juriya na resistance (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na 10 Kω ko ƙasa da haka) galibi tallafawa ƙananan yawan zafin jiki, kamar -50 ° C to + 70 ° C. Thermistors tare da mafi girma resorce ratings iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi har zuwa 300 ° C.
A immistor kashi an yi shi ne da oxide na ƙarfe. Ana samun m ball, radial da SMD siffofin. Beads na Thermistor suna epoxy mai rufi ko gilashi a rufe don ƙara kariya. Epoxy mai rufi ball thermistors, radial da saman saman sun dace da yanayin zafi har zuwa 150 ° C. Motsa zafi gilashi sun dace da auna yanayin zafi. Duk nau'ikan coargings / pocaging kuma kare da lalata. Wasu mormistors kuma za su sami ƙarin gidaje don ƙara kariya a cikin mahalli mazaje. Bead thermistors suna da lokacin martani da sauri fiye da radial / smd thermstors. Koyaya, basu da m. Sabili da haka, nau'in mermistor da aka yi amfani da shi ya dogara da aikace-aikacen ƙarshe da yanayin da ermistor yake. Dogon kwanciyar hankali na lokaci mai zurfi na mai zafin jiki ya dogara da kayan sa, marufi, da zane. Misali, wani mai rufe tsohuwar-ormistor na iya canzawa 0.2 ° C a shekara, yayin da aka hatimin da aka rufe kawai ya canza 0.02 ° C a shekara.
Thermistors sun zo cikin daidaito daban-daban. Standard Thermistors yawanci suna da daidaito na 0.5 ° C zuwa 1.5 ° C. Darajar Jarorewa da Darajar Beta (Ratio na 25 ° C zuwa 50 ° C / 85 ° C) suna da haƙuri. Lura cewa darajar beta na thermistor ya bambanta da mai samarwa. Misali, 10 Kω NTC Thermistors daga masana'antun masana'antu zasu sami dabi'u daban-daban. Don ƙarin ingantaccen tsarin, thermistors kamar su na Omega ™ za a iya amfani da jerin 44xxx. Suna da daidaito na 0.1 ° C ko 0.2 ° C akan yawan zafin jiki na 0 ° C zuwa 70 ° C. Saboda haka, kewayon yanayin zafi da za a iya auna kuma daidai ake buƙata game da kewayon zafin jiki ya ƙayyade ko thermistors sun dace da wannan aikace-aikacen. Lura cewa mafi girman daidaito na jerin Omega 44xXX jerin, mafi girman farashin.
Don juyar da juriya zuwa digiri na digiri Celsius, ana yawan amfani da darajar beta. Darajar beta ta tabbata ta hanyar sanin wuraren zazzabi biyu da juriya da juna a kowane zazzabi.
RR1 = zazzabi jure 1 rt2 = zazzabi jure 2 t1 = zazzabi 1 (k) t2 = zazzabi 2 (k)
Mai amfani yana amfani da darajar beta kusa da kewayon zazzabi da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin aikin. Yawancin Dermistor Datteror Datatset suna lissafa ƙimar beta tare da haƙurin tsayayya da 25 ° C da haƙuri don darajar beta.
Mafi girman munanan ayyukan zafin jiki da babban mafita na dakatarwar kamar jerin Omega 44xXX suna amfani da daidaitattun daidaitattun halartar seinhart don canza juriya zuwa Digrees Celsius. Hukunta 2 yana buƙatar zane-zane guda uku a, B, da C, sake bayarwa ta hanyar masana'anta na firikwensin. Saboda ana samar da cood ɗin daidaituwa ta amfani da maki uku, sakamakon daidaituwa yana rage kuskuren gabatar da kuskuren gabatar da tsarin layi (yawanci 0.02 ° C).
A, B da C suna da zane daga abubuwan zazzabi uku. R = RATE RESTRORAN CIKIN SAUKI T = zazzabi a cikin Kisses
A kan siffa 3 yana nuna farin ciki na yanzu. Ana amfani da tuƙi a halin yanzu ga mermistor kuma ana amfani da wannan yanzu zuwa ga daidai. Ana amfani da ingantaccen tsayarwar daidaitawa azaman ma'anar auna. Darajarar da batun tsayayya ya zama mafi girma fiye da ko daidai yake da mafi girman darajar ƙwayar thermistor juriya (dangane da zazzabi mafi ƙarancin da aka auna a cikin tsarin).
Lokacin zabar murnar halin yanzu, matsakaicin juriya dole ne a sake la'akari dashi. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki a fadin firikwensin da kuma sake tunani ko da yaushe yana kan matakin yarda ga lantarki. Filin yanzu tushen asalin yana buƙatar wasu headtawa ko fitowar fitarwa. Idan thermistor yana da babban juriya a zazzabi mafi ƙasƙanci, wannan zai haifar da ƙarancin drive na yanzu. Sabili da haka, ƙarfin lantarki da aka samar da shi a saman thermistor a babban zazzabi karami ne. Ana iya amfani da matakan shirye-shirye don inganta ma'aunin waɗannan siginar ƙananan matakan. Koyaya, dole ne a tsara ribar da ƙarfi saboda matakin siginar daga mermistor ya bambanta sosai da zazzabi.
Wani zaɓi shine don saita ribar amma amfani da drive mai tsauri. Sabili da haka, a matsayin matakin sigina daga yanayin Mermistor yana canzawa, ƙimar ƙimar yanayi na yanzu saboda wutar lantarki a duk faɗin tsarin shigarwar lantarki. Mai amfani dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa wutar lantarki ta haifar da juriya na nuni kuma tana kan karbuwar da ke karbuwar lantarki. Duk Zaɓuɓɓuka na buƙatar babban matakin sarrafawa, sa ido koyaushe na wutar lantarki a duk faɗin Thermistor saboda wutan lantarki na iya auna siginar. Shin akwai wani zaɓi mai sauƙi? La'akari da wucin gadi.
Lokacin da ake amfani da wutar lantarki ta DC zuwa Mermistor, na yanzu ta hanyar Mermistor ta atomatik keɓaɓɓe kamar yadda juriya da juriya na Thermistor. Yanzu, ta amfani da daidaitaccen tsayayyen tsayayya da tsayayya, manufarta ita ce yin ƙididdige lokacin da ake amfani da shi a cikin Thermistor, don haka ya ba da ƙididdigewa ana ƙididdigewa. Tunda ana amfani da wutar lantarki a matsayin siginar gyaran AdC, babu wani matakin da ake buƙata. Proceman bashi da aikin lura da wutar lantarki na jirgin saman, tantance matakin da lantarki, da lissafin matakin siginar lantarki, kuma yana iya yin amfani da ƙimar siginar / ƙimar ta buƙaci ana buƙatar ƙimar kuɗin. Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka yi amfani da wannan labarin.
Idan thermistor yana da karamin tsari da juriya, ana iya amfani da wutar lantarki ko nazarin yanzu. A wannan yanayin, an sami drive na yanzu da samun za a iya gyara. Don haka, da'irar za ta yi kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 3. Wannan hanyar ta dace da hakan kuma yana yiwuwa a sarrafa na yanzu da kuma tunani, wanda yake da mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikacen wuta. Bugu da kari, da kaifin kai na thermistor an rage girman.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da farfadowa don thermistors tare da ƙananan juriya. Koyaya, mai amfani dole ne ya tabbatar da cewa ta yanzu ta hanyar firikwensin ba ta da ƙarfi ga firikwensin ko aikace-aikace.
Yin farin ciki yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa yayin amfani da mai girman kai tare da babban juriya da kewayon zazzabi. Babban juriya na nominal yana ba da matakin da aka yarda da shi. Koyaya, masu zanen suna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa yanzu yana matakin da aka yarda da shi akan kewayon zafin jiki da aikace-aikacen.
ADDMA-Delta ADCS suna ba da dama da yawa yayin tsara tsarin ma'aunin Mermistoror. Da farko, saboda kawai shigarwar analog, ana kiyaye tace waje zuwa mafi karancin kuma kawai ake buƙata shine mafi sauƙin Rc. Suna ba da sassauci a nau'in tace da fitowar bait. Za'a iya amfani da tace tace dijital don murkushe kowane tsangwama a cikin na'urorin da aka gina a cikin na'urorin. 24-bit na'urori kamar AD7124-4 / AD7124-8 suna da cikakken ƙuduri na 21.7 ragowar har zuwa 21.7 ya ragu, don haka suna samar da babban ƙuduri.
Yin amfani da sigar-Delta ADC yana sauƙaƙa sauƙaƙewa Tsarin Thermusor yayin rage ƙayyadadden bayanai, sarari tsarin, sararin samaniya, da lokacin zuwa kasuwa.
Wannan labarin yana amfani da AD7124-8 / AD7124-8 a matsayin ADC.
Ko da kuwa kuna amfani da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na yanzu ko tuƙa wutar lantarki, ana bada shawarar saiti na resiometric wanda ake amfani da wutar lantarki da hasken wuta na kayan wuta. Wannan yana nufin cewa duk wani canji ne a cikin tushen chautin ba zai shafi daidaito na auna ba.
A kan siffa 5 yana nuna madafar motsa jiki na yanzu don thermistor da madaidaicin rref, ƙarfin lantarki ya haɗu a fadin RREF shine ma'anar ƙarfin lantarki don auna wutar lantarki.
Filin yanzu baya buƙatar zama daidai kuma yana iya zama ƙasa da tsayayye kamar kowane kurakurai a cikin filin yanzu za a kawar da shi a cikin wannan sanyi. Gabaɗaya, an fi son bakin ciki a kan wulakancin ƙarfin lantarki saboda mafi kyawun ikon kulawa da rigakafin amo lokacin da firikwensin yake cikin wurare masu nisa. Irin wannan hanyar ta nuna bambanci ana amfani da shi ne don RTDS ko thermistors tare da ƙarancin juriya. Koyaya, don mremistor tare da mafi girman tsayayya da ƙimar tsayayya da mafi girman yanayin, matakin siginar da kowane canjin yanayin yanayin zai zama ya fi girma, don haka ana amfani da begen wutar lantarki. Misali, 10 Kω Mermistor yana da juriya na 10 kele a 25 ° C. A -50 ° C, juriya na Therm Mermistor shine 441.117 Kω. Mafi qarancin Drive na yanzu 50 μ124-4 / AD7124-8 yana samar da 441.111.117 ya haifar da yawan adadin yawancin adcs da ake amfani da su a cikin wannan yankin. Aikin thermistors suma suna yawanci ko kuma suna kusa da wuraren lantarki, don haka ba a buƙatar rigakafi don tuki da halin yanzu ba.
Dingara mai tsayayya da tsayayya a cikin jerin azaman yanki mai amfani da wutar lantarki zai iyakance na yanzu ta hanyar thermistor zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙimar ƙimar. A cikin wannan sanyi, darajar ma'anar tsayayya da resne ya zama daidai da darajar zafin jiki na 25 ° C, saboda haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da tsayayya da 25 ° C. Kamar yadda zafin jiki ya canza, juriya na Thermistor na NTC shima ya canza, da kuma rabo daga wutar lantarki kuma yana canzawa, sakamakon ya haifar da yanayin fitarwa da ke haifar da juriya na NTC.
Idan zabin da aka zaɓa da aka zaɓa wanda aka zaɓa don ɗaukar ƙarfin jirgin sama da / ko Rsena ya dace da ƙarfin aikin yanar gizon da aka yi amfani da shi don daidaitawa, an saita tsarin ƙarfin lantarki (Hoto na 7) domin ya zama tushen rashin lafiyar mai ɗaukar hankali.
Lura cewa ko dai hanyar hankali (wutar lantarki) ko kuma maimaitawar magana (halin yanzu) ya kamata ya shafi daidaiton tsarin duka.
A lokacin da amfani da thermistors da yawa, za a iya amfani da wutar lantarki ɗaya. Koyaya, kowane thermistor dole ne ya sami nasa daidaitawar hankali, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa. 8. Wani zaɓi shine amfani da mahara na waje ko ƙananan juriya a cikin jihar, wanda ke ba da damar raba madaidaici ɗaya. Tare da wannan saiti, kowane thermistor yana buƙatar ɗan lokaci lokacin da aka auna.
A taƙaice, lokacin tsara tsarin ma'aunin zafin jiki, akwai tambayoyi da yawa da yawa, firikwensin zaɓi, da kuma yadda waɗannan masu canji daban-daban ke shafar daidaiton tsarin. Talibin na gaba a cikin wannan jerin yana bayanin yadda ake inganta tsarin tsarinku da kuma kasafin kuskuren tsarin ku gaba ɗaya don cimma burinku na yau da kullun.
Lokacin Post: Satumba 30-2022